The Filioque Controversy

Filioque Controversy Exposed: How One Word Divided Christianity

I. Introduction: Framing the Debate Among the most persistent and sensitive theological divergences between the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches lies a single Latin word—Filioque, meaning “and the Son.” Added to the Latin version of the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed, this clause affirms that the Holy Spirit “proceeds from the Father and the Son.” Though seemingly minor […]

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Theotokos as the controversy of Nestorius in the Early Church

Understanding Nestorius: The Origins of the Nestorian Heresy

Nestorianism, named after its chief proponent Nestorius, emerged as a significant theological controversy in the early Christian church, particularly concerning the nature of Christ and the proper title for the Virgin Mary. This heresy, which was later condemned by the church, revolved around complex doctrinal disagreements about Christ’s divine and human natures, and it left

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