Aquinas’s Fourth Way: How Goodness, Truth, and Being Point to God

St. Thomas Aquinas’s Quarta Via (Fourth Way) forms part of his famous Quinque Viae (Five Ways) found in his Summa Theologiæ, which collectively provide arguments for the existence of God. The Fourth Way, often summarised as, “If things are more and less good, there must be a best, and this something is God,” offers an […]

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The Third Way of Aquinas: Contingency and Necessity

Thomas Aquinas’s Third Way (Via Tertio), outlined in his Summa Theologiae, argues for the existence of God through the concepts of contingency and necessity. This argument centres on the observation that the existence of contingent beings (those that depend on external factors for their existence) requires the existence of a necessary being, which Aquinas identifies

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Aquinas’ First Two Ways: The Case for God’s Existence

St. Thomas Aquinas’ First Way (from Change) and Second Way (from Efficient Causes) are foundational arguments in his Five Ways for proving the existence of God. These arguments reveal Aquinas’ deep metaphysical insight into the nature of existence, causation, and change. While closely related, they address distinct aspects of reality. Understanding these arguments also requires

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