The Ghost of Mani: Why the Ancient Heresy of Dualism Still Haunts Catholic Thought

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​I. Introduction: Manichaeism – A Universal Religion of Cosmic Despair ​Manichaeism represents one of the most intellectually sophisticated and historically impactful challenges to the nascent Catholic faith. Founded in the third century AD by the Parthian Iranian prophet Mani (c. 216–274) in the Sasanian Empire, it quickly established itself as a major world religion. While […]

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An oil painting in the Baroque style depicting Jesus Christ in radiant light, with a visible, tangible human body, emphasizing both his divinity and humanity.

Christ in Flesh and Spirit: The Catholic Rejection of Docetism

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I. Introduction: Defining Docetism and its Initial Appearance in Early Christianity Docetism, a term originating from the Greek word “dokein” (δοκεῖν), signifying “to seem” or “to appear,” represents an early Christian belief that was subsequently identified and condemned as a heresy within the developing orthodox tradition. At its core, Docetism espoused the notion that Jesus

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An oil painting depicting a mystical scene inspired by Gnostic themes, featuring a cosmic struggle between light and darkness, symbolizing the dualistic worldview of Gnosticism.

How Did Gnosticism Challenge The True Faith?

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The Subtle Danger of Gnostic Thought In the twilight years of the apostolic age, as the last disciples of Christ’s original followers passed from the scene, a new and dangerous movement began infiltrating Christian communities across the Roman Empire. This movement, which would come to be known as Gnosticism, presented itself not as a rival

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The Great Heresies of the Church

The Great Heresies of the Church

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Arianism: Denied the full divinity of Jesus Christ, claiming He was a created being, not co-eternal with the Father.… Read More » Nestorianism: Claimed that Christ had two separate persons, one human and one divine, rejecting the title “Mother of God” for Mary. …Read More » Pelagianism: Taught that original sin did not taint human nature

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